The risk of developing skin cancer is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. While some risks are beyond our control, many can be managed or reduced, especially UV exposure. Here’s a breakdown of the most important risk factors:
Exposure to UV rays
The most significant risk factor for all types of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, from sunlight and artificial sources like solariums and tanning beds.
- Intermittent intense UV exposure, especially resulting in sunburns, increases the risk of melanoma.
- Severe sunburn during childhood or adolescence significantly increase melanoma risk later in life.
Genetic factors
Your genetic makeup can make your skin more vulnerable to UV damage:
- People with fair skin, red or blonde hair, blue or green eyes, and freckles have less melanin and burn more easily and are more susceptible to DNA damage from UV radiation.
- A first-degree relative (parent, sibling) with melanoma or other skin cancers increases your own risk.
- Having many moles (more than 50), or atypical/dysplastic moles, increases melanoma risk. Any changes in size, shape, or colour of a mole should be checked by an appropriately qualified and experienced doctor.
Medical history
If you’ve had any type of skin cancer before, your risk of developing another is higher.
Likewise, if you have a weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, or immunosuppressive medications, you are at increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in particular.
Age
Risk increases with age, but melanoma is also one of the most common cancers in young adults (especially ages 15–39 in Australia).
Geographic Location
Living closer to the equator or in places with high UV levels (like Australia) significantly increases skin cancer risk.
Occupational or Recreational Sun Exposure
Outdoor workers (e.g., construction, agriculture) and people with hobbies that involve extended time in the sun are at greater risk.
Most skin cancers are preventable. By understanding and managing your risk factors, especially your exposure to UV radiation, you can take meaningful steps to protect your skin and reduce your long-term risk. Visit the Cancer Council for more information or book in with us get a skin check if you have any concerns about moles, spots or changes to your skin.